胆石症或胆囊切除后是否增加结肠癌的危险性，它们之间有否因果关系、平行关系、临界关系，或者是毫无关系，虽已研究了２０年［１］，迄今尚存争议。本文分析了二者相关的理论基础，综述了近几年来国遐外文献报道，并提出分子流行病学调查将是今后的发展方向。１　　胆石症与 Whether cholelithiasis or cholecystectomy increases the risk of colon cancer, whether there is a causal relationship, a parallel relationship, a critical relationship, or no relationship between them, although it has been studied for 20 years [1], so far there is controversy. This article analyzes the related theoretical basis of the two, summarizes the reports of foreign literature in the country in recent years, and proposes that the molecular epidemiological survey will be the future direction of development. 1 Cholelithiasis and