论文部分内容阅读
随着以微电子、信息技术、新材料和生物工程为主要内容的新技术革命的到来,世界各国的经济竞争在很大程度已转变为高技术领域的竞争。各国都在研究创新,推出克服创新障碍的措施。在80年代,中国、苏联和日本在科技战略、政策和体制方面都发生了很大变化。中国从1985年开始进行科技体制改革;苏联现正经历着剧变;日本在80年代初从贸易立国转变到科技立国。从1949年到1984年中国的科技体制完全模仿苏联,即推行集中计划管理研究与开发活动
With the advent of a new technological revolution featuring microelectronics, information technology, new materials and bioengineering, the economic competition in various countries in the world has largely been transformed into competition in the high-tech fields. All countries are studying innovation and introducing measures to overcome the barriers to innovation. In the 1980s, China, the Soviet Union and Japan made great changes in science and technology strategies, policies and systems. China started to carry out the scientific and technological structural reform since 1985; the Soviet Union is undergoing dramatic changes; Japan changed from a trading nation to a technological nation by the early 1980s. From 1949 to 1984, China's science and technology system completely imitated the Soviet Union, that is, the implementation of centralized planning management research and development activities