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紫禁城城墙是我国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家宫殿城墙,蕴涵着丰富的历史、文化、军事信息,具有重要的考古、科学价值。本文结合历史文献,应用现代勘察物探技术,分析了城墙内夯土物理力学性质,并测定了夯土矿物成分;对城墙的现状作了初步调查,依据病害的不同形式及破损机理进行分类,主要损伤有不均匀沉降、鼓胀变形、裂缝、风化剥落、有害植被、返碱等,同时提出了保护城墙的基本对策及建议。
The wall of the Forbidden City is the largest and most complete preserved royal palace wall in China. It contains rich historical, cultural and military information and is of important archaeological and scientific value. In this paper, combined with historical literature, using modern prospecting geophysical exploration technology, the physical and mechanical properties of bauxite within the city walls were analyzed, and the mineral composition of bauxite was determined; a preliminary survey of the current status of the city wall was conducted, and the classification was based on different forms of disease and damage mechanisms. The damage has uneven settlement, bulging deformation, cracks, weathered flaking, harmful vegetation, returning alkali, etc. At the same time, the basic countermeasures and suggestions for the protection of the city wall are proposed.