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目的分析2013—2015年深圳市两波次人感染H7N9禽流感疫情特征及禽类职业人员血清监测情况,为人感染H7N9禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法对2013—2015年人感染H7N9禽流感疫情资料、禽类职业人员的血清监测情况进行分析。结果两波次疫情共报告38例病例,以中老年人群为主,死亡3例,3例死亡病例均具有慢性基础性疾病。该市报告2例儿童轻症病例,报告2例家庭聚集性病例。92.1%的病例具有活禽及活禽市场暴露史。疫情的易发时间为冬春季(12月—次年3月);发病早期(3天内)使用奥司他韦可有效缩短住院病程。2013年禽类职业人员血清抗体阳性率为15.2%。结论冬春季节是深圳市人感染H7N9禽流感疫情重点防控季节,通过加强活禽市场管理、采取临时休市、推动活禽生鲜上市等措施能有效减少公众暴露风险。禽类职业人员中存在隐性感染者,在监测防控工作中需加强关注。
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of two-wave H7N9 bird flu and the serum surveillance of poultry workers from 2013 to 2015 in Shenzhen City, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of H7N9 bird flu. Methods The epidemic situation of H7N9 bird flu in 2013-2015 and the serum surveillance of poultry workers were analyzed. Results A total of 38 cases were reported during the two wave outbreaks, mainly in middle-aged and elderly people. There were 3 deaths and 3 deaths all had chronic underlying diseases. The city reported 2 cases of mild cases in children, reported 2 cases of family clustering. 92.1% of cases have a history of exposure to live and live birds. Epidemic susceptibility time for winter and spring (December - March next year); early onset (3 days) the use of oseltamivir can effectively reduce the duration of hospitalization. In 2013, the positive rate of serum antibody in poultry workers was 15.2%. Conclusion The winter and spring seasons are the key prevention and control season for the human infection of H7N9 in Shenzhen City. By strengthening the management of live poultry market, taking temporary rests and promoting the live market of live poultry can effectively reduce the risk of public exposure. There are latent infections among poultry workers, so we should pay more attention to the prevention and control work.