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一只刚刚锻造的金属件,总是亮闪闪的。然而,在二氧化碳等酸性气体或在含有腐蚀性物质的环境中,它的表面渐渐就会形成一层氧化物或碱式盐。这便是人们俗称的“生锈”。金属倘若生了锈,不仅失去了原有光泽,而且会造成巨大损失。有人推算,如果没有有效的防护措施,每年将有占总产量1/10的钢铁被锈烂掉,造成的浪费是个惊人的天文数字。随着科学技术的发展,人们发明了油刷、喷漆、镀铬、烤蓝等多种防护措施,从而延缓或防止了金属的生锈。这是科技进步给人带来的巨大经济效益。
A piece of metal that has just been forged is always shiny. However, its surface gradually forms an oxide or basic salt in an acid gas such as carbon dioxide or in an environment containing corrosive substances. This is what people commonly call “rust.” If the rusty metal, not only lost the original luster, but also cause huge losses. Someone has calculated that if there is no effective protective measures, every year, the steel that takes up 1/10 of the total output will be rotted away, resulting in astonishing astronomical waste. With the development of science and technology, people invented the oil brush, paint, chrome, bake blue and other protective measures, thus delaying or preventing the rust of the metal. This is a huge economic benefit brought by the progress of science and technology.