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引言本文所述的低分子量(LMW)蛋白尿是指比白蛋白分子(MW 69,000;分子半径37(?))小的蛋白质由尿中排出。这些LMW蛋白质从血浆经正常的肾小球基膜滤过,或经肾单位排泌,或由肾单位漏失而至尿中。不过,迄今已证实的从肾单位分泌的蛋白质绝大部分是高分子量的(HMW),例如Tamm Horsfall蛋白、分泌型IgA。因此,当前在尿中所发现的LMW蛋白质似都为来自肾小球滤过的血浆LMW蛋白质。正常存在的LMW蛋白质包括酶类(溶菌酶、淀粉酶)、多酞激素(胰岛素和生长激素)、多细胞系免疫球蛋白片段、纤维蛋白-纤维蛋白元降解产物,和一些不明功能的LMW蛋白质[α_2和β_2微球蛋白、后γ蛋白(post-γ proteins)]。在一些疾病
INTRODUCTION The low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria described herein refers to the excretion of proteins that are smaller than the albumin molecule (MW 69,000; molecular radius 37 (?)) From the urine. These LMW proteins are filtered from the plasma via the normal glomerular basement membrane, excreted via the nephron, or lost to the urine by the nephron. However, the proteins that have so far been proven to be secreted from the nephrons are mostly high molecular weight (HMW), such as Tamm Horsfall protein, secreted IgA. Therefore, the LMW proteins currently found in urine are all plasma LMW proteins from glomerular filtration. Normally occurring LMW proteins include enzymes (lysozyme, amylase), polyphosphates (insulin and growth hormone), multicellular immunoglobulin fragments, fibrin-fibrin degradation products, and some unknown function LMW proteins [α_2 and β_2 microglobulin, post-γ proteins]. In some diseases