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HBV持续感染与宿主的免疫应答相关，CD4＋T淋巴细胞在HBV特异性免疫应答中起重要作用。核苷和核苷酸类药物抗病毒治疗后，HBV特异性T淋巴细胞应答的恢复与CD4＋T淋巴细胞亦相关。近年来新发现CD4＋T淋巴细胞的2个亚群，即调节性T淋巴细胞（Treg细胞）和辅助性T淋巴细胞（Th）17，它们与HBV持续感染相关疾病的病情进展以及肝损伤相关。初步总结了Treg和Th17的分化及功能，综述了HBV持续感染相关疾病中二者的相互关系及临床抗病毒治疗后二者的变化，旨在为临床进行免疫治疗及评估预后提供帮助。“,”Persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV)is associated with host immune response.CD4 +T cells play an important role in HBV-specific immune response.The restoration of HBV-specific T-cell response after antiviral therapy using nucleoside and nucleo-tide analogues is also associated with CD4 +T cells.In recent years,two new subsets of CD4 +T cells,namely regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells),have been identified and shown to be related to disease progression and liver damage in patients with persistent HBV infection.Here we primarily summarized the differentiation and function of Tregs and Th17 cells and reviewed the interaction between the two types of cells in persistent infection and their changes after clinical antiviral therapy.We hope it will be helpful to clinical immunotherapy and prognostic assessment.