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外交保护是国家保护海外国民最重要的法律手段之一。国家实施外交保护的首要前提是国籍持续,即个人或公司从发生损害之日到求偿提出之日持续地具有保护国国籍。如果在上述两个时间点上个人或公司都具有保护国国籍,那么可以推定这期间的国籍状态是持续不断的。在满足一定条件后,国籍持续可以存在例外,其中“国家继承”和“公司因损害而终止存在”是较为特殊的情况。但就个人而言,国籍变更后,现国籍国不得针对原国籍国就该受害者所受到的损害实施外交保护,除非原国籍国放弃反对的权利。中国的政府声明没有明确涉及该问题。因此,我国有必要在该领域进一步完善自身的法律规范与外交政策。
Diplomatic protection is one of the most important legal means by which the state protects overseas nationals. The first prerequisite for the implementation of diplomatic protection in the country is the continuation of nationality, that is, an individual or company continuously owns the nationality of the country of protection from the date of the damage to the date of the claim. If both individuals or companies have the nationality of the Protecting Power at both points in time, it can be assumed that the nationality status during the period is continuous. After certain conditions are met, there can be an exception to the nationality. There is a special case where “the state inheritance” and “the company ceases to exist due to the damage”. However, personally, after the change of nationality, the State of nationality is denied diplomatic protection against the damage suffered by the victim against the country of origin unless the country of origin originally renounces the right to object. China’s government statement did not explicitly address the issue. Therefore, it is necessary for our country to further improve its own legal norms and foreign policies in this area.