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高等教育的后大众化进程给高职院校学生就业能力建设带来巨大挑战。本文以东部地区的山东省和中部地区的湖北省18所高职院校为对象,对在读的11321名高职生就业能力做实证调查。结果显示:在后大众化进程中高职院校学生就业能力建设整体居中等水平,且具有显著的学校差异、专业差异和个人差异;市场因素通过加剧资源配置的结构性差异与人力资本存量的离散度引发高职院校学生就业能力建设的差异性;专业与区域经济匹配度、顶岗实习、进入企业经历等区域因素成为高职院校学生就业能力建设的决定性因素。为应对后大众化进程中高职院校学生就业能力建设面临的挑战,政府应完善资源分配制度,推动校企协同培养人才的制度化;高职院校应调整专业结构,完善人才培养模式;高职生本人则要努力加强人力资本的积累。
The post-popularization process of higher education has brought great challenges to the employment ability construction of students in higher vocational colleges. In this paper, 18 vocational colleges in Shandong Province in the eastern part of China and Hubei Province in the central part of China are selected as object to do a survey on the employability of the 11321 students who are enrolled in higher vocational schools. The results show that in the process of post-popularization, the employment ability of students in higher vocational colleges is at the middle level, with significant differences in schools, specializations and personal differences. The market factor increases the structural discrepancies in resources allocation and the discrepancy of human capital stock Degree lead to differences in the construction of employment ability of higher vocational colleges; regional factors such as the matching degree between professional and regional economy, internship in positions, and the experience of entering enterprises have become the decisive factors in the construction of employability of students in higher vocational colleges. In order to meet the challenge of the post-popularization process for the employment of students in higher vocational colleges, the government should improve the system of resource allocation and promote the institutionalization of co-cultivation of personnel by schools and colleges. Higher vocational colleges should adjust the professional structure and improve the personnel training mode. Staff should personally strive to strengthen the accumulation of human capital.