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美国教育学家布鲁姆教授在1956年提出了教育目标分类学。他把教育目标分为认知、操作和情感三个领域。并且着重进行了认知领域的分类研究,他认为认知领域可以分为六个等级:记忆(记住)、理解、应用、分析、综合和判断(评价)。从此,不少国家对此进行了多种探索。在苏联有的人主张对学生的认识能力可以分为三个层次:知识(分为三个亚层即识别、记忆和理解)、技能(指学生完成典型作业如实验、计算的快慢程度。快的一般指技能熟练;慢的指技能不熟
American educationist Professor Blume proposed a taxonomy of educational objectives in 1956. He divides educational goals into three areas: cognition, operation, and emotion. He also focused on the classification research in the cognitive field. He believes that the cognitive field can be divided into six levels: memory (remember), understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and judgment (evaluation). Since then, many countries have conducted various explorations. Some people in the Soviet Union argue that students’ cognitive ability can be divided into three levels: knowledge (divided into three sub-layers: recognition, memory, and understanding) and skills (according to how fast students complete typical tasks such as experiments, calculations. General refers to skilled; slow refers to unfamiliar skills