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本文对当代西方主流的政治学与公共管理学研究中常用到的“规范研究”的方法进行了简明的介绍。文章从规范研究的基本假设谈起,指出在最基本分析单位应当有内在一致性和应当是理性的假设条件下,规范研究大致可从效用理论和博弈论两个方向来进行,而究竟选取哪一个方向则取决于研究者关注的是单一主体在决策时的不同选择还是多个主体在寻求均衡路径中的互动。文章还探讨了规范研究的隐含假设,并勾勒了一个典型的规范研究的操作框架。文章最后探讨了对于规范研究不同模型的评价原则,及如何构造一个规范研究的模型。
This article briefly introduces the commonly used method of “standard research” in contemporary western mainstream politics and public administration research. The article starts from the basic assumptions of normative research and points out that under the hypothesis that the most basic unit of analysis should be inherently consistent and should be rational, normative research can proceed from both utility theory and game theory, One direction depends on whether the researcher is concerned with the different choices made by a single subject in decision-making or the interaction of multiple subjects in seeking a balanced path. The article also explores the implicit assumptions of normative research and outlines a typical normative operational framework. Finally, the article discusses the evaluation principles for different models of normative research and how to construct a normative model.