凸显“综合”特色的“品德与生活”“品德与社会”(以下简称“两品”)新课程,已经跃然进入小学课程体系,正在全国城乡学校逐步实施。按照新课改的精神,教学不是教师单向培养学生的活动,教学的本质是“师生交往,积极互动,共同发展”。我们应从主体性、互动性、互惠性等方面来把握“师生交往”的本质特征。主体性。既然是交往,教师和学生都是主体,而不存在谁依赖谁的问题。师生之间也不是师尊生卑,而是一种相互平等、相互理解的人与人的关系。互动性。既然是交往,就意味着教师和学生要共同参与,建立起学习的共同体,进行对话和信息交流,彼此之间实现双向和多向的互动。互惠性。从学生一方看,交往无疑有助于主体持久的肯定或否定的内在反应倾向”(章志光《心理学》)。就课堂教学而言,师生之间能否实现正常交往,在很大程度上是与教师的态度分不开的。大凡教师抱着倾听、尊重、友善学生的态度,就能建构接纳、支持对方的环境氛围;使学生坐在教室里,如同置身于一种自然、自由的空间,使心灵感到敞开和舒展,与教师交往无遮无障;反之,教师对交流者持有负面、否定的态度,学生就不愿意与之交往。教师如何优化自己的态度呢? (一)倾听师生交往是以彼此倾听为条件的。在交往过程中,不仅学生要倾听老师的话语,而且老师要倾听学生的感受、体验。无论与学生个体交往,还是与学生群体交往,教师都要全神贯注,耐心听取学生 The new curriculum highlighting the characteristics of “comprehensive” characteristics and “morality and life” and “character and society” (hereinafter referred to as “two products”) has entered the elementary curriculums system and is being gradually implemented in urban and rural schools across the country. In accordance with the spirit of the new curriculum reform, teaching is not a one-way teacher training students activities, the essence of teaching is “teacher-student interaction, positive interaction and common development.” We should grasp the essential characteristics of “teacher-student interaction” from the aspects of subjectivity, interaction and reciprocity. Subjectivity. Since it is communication, teachers and students are the main, but there is no question of who depends on who. Teacher-student relationship is not between the students, but a mutual equality and mutual understanding of the relationship between people. Interactivity. Since it is an exchange, it means teachers and students should participate together, establish a learning community, conduct dialogues and exchange of information, and realize mutual and multi-directional interaction with each other. Reciprocity. From the perspective of the students, the interaction undoubtedly contributes to the long-lasting affirmation or denial of the subject's inherent tendency to respond. “(Zhang Zhiguang” Psychology ") As far as classroom teaching is concerned, whether teachers and students can achieve normal social interaction is to a large extent Is inseparable from the attitude of teachers.Generally listening to teachers, respect, friendly attitude of students, we can construct acceptable to support each other's atmosphere; so that students sitting in the classroom, as exposure to a natural, free Space, so that the soul feel open and stretch, and teachers contact without cover barrier; the other hand, teachers have a negative attitude toward the communicator, students are reluctant to deal with them. How teachers optimize their attitude? Listen to the teacher-student interaction is to listen to each other as a condition.In the process of communication, not only the students want to listen to the teacher's words, but also to listen to the teacher's feelings and experiences.Whether with individual students, or with student groups, teachers have to Concentrate, patiently listen to students