国际贸易的进行离不开运输,其中海上运输又占了相当大的比重,据保守估计全世界贸易的68.2％由海运完成。海上运输,无论是直达、转运或联运都是通过提单方式来进行,即人们所称提单运输。由于我国《海商法》立法较迟,航运部门的法制观念一直比较淡薄。因此,在实际对外贸易的运输过程中,常常发生某些运输公司签发提单,但又不按提单方式完成运输,而是以卡车或火车等公路运输方式取代于提单所要求的海运方式,特别是出口香港或经香港转口的贸易显得更为严重。如果运输顺利一般不 International trade can not be separated from transportation. Among them, maritime transport accounts for a large proportion. According to a conservative estimate, 68.2% of the world’s trade is completed by sea. Sea transport, whether direct, transhipment or intermodal transport is done by way of a bill of lading, which is what people call a bill of lading for transport. As China’s “Maritime Law” legislation later, the concept of legal system in the shipping sector has been relatively weak. Therefore, in actual foreign trade, it is often happen that some transportation companies issue bills of lading but do not complete the transportation according to the bill of lading. Instead, they replace the sea way required by bill of lading by road transport such as truck or train, and especially Trade exiting Hong Kong or being re-exported through Hong Kong appears even more serious. If the transport is generally not smooth