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在苏联由於高度工业化,冷冻技术在工业上已被广泛地采用於食品之冷藏,乾冰之制造,石油中石蜡之分离,溶液中盐类之结晶,及气体之液化等方面。在苏联的农业上,由於高度集体化与机械化,对氮肥需要量特别多,促成合成氨工业强大发展。我们知道合成氨所需原料是氮与氢两种气体,这种气体的制备方法虽多,其中用深度冷冻由空气中分离氮气,由焦炉气中分离氢气,却是最先进方法之一。因此在苏联对深度冷冻方面,无论在理论上或设备上均开展了广泛研究工作,并且有卓越的成就。我国在建设社会主义工业化过程中,冷冻技术的发展,当可预期。为此我将这方面的知识,加以整理,给读者作参考。
In the Soviet Union, due to its high level of industrialization, refrigeration technology has been widely used industrially for food refrigeration, manufacture of dry ice, separation of petroleum paraffin, crystallization of salts in solution, and liquefaction of gases. In the Soviet Union’s agriculture, due to the high degree of collectivization and mechanization, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer was particularly high, which led to the strong development of the ammonia industry. We know that the raw materials needed for ammonia synthesis are two kinds of gases, nitrogen and hydrogen. Although there are many ways to prepare this kind of gas, it is one of the most advanced methods to separate nitrogen from air by deep freezing and hydrogen from coke oven gas. Therefore, in the Soviet Union for deep freezing, both in theory and equipment have carried out extensive research work, and have excellent achievements. In the process of building socialist industrialization in our country, the development of refrigeration technology can be expected. To this end, I will put this knowledge to be collated to the reader for reference.