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“氏族,直到野蛮人进入文明时代为止,甚至再往后一点(就现有资料而言),是一切野蛮人所共有的制度。”①据现代考古学研究,氏族约发生于旧石器时代中期②,而且一产生即是母系。这是因为氏族起源的基本原则是外婚制和女性世系,外婚制决定夫妻必然属于两个婚姻集团,而在族外群婚体制下,父亲个体不能确认,所生子女只能由母亲抚养,世系也就必须只承认和只通过母亲来计算和追溯。瑞典学者巴霍芬在他的《母权论》一书中,以此认为妇女成为唯一可确知的亲长,享有高度尊敬和崇高威望,以至达到完全由妇女统治的地步,因而他提出了“母权制”的概念。的确,“氏族的全部力量、全部生活能力决定于它的成员的数目”③。即妇女的存在和她们的生育能力,
“Clan until the barbarians entered the civilized era, even a little further (in the case of available information), is the system common to all barbarians.” ① According to modern archeology, clans occur in the Paleolithic The middle of the times ②, and the birth of a matriarchal. This is because the basic principles of the clan origins are the exogamy and the female descent. Exogamy determines that the couple must belong to two marriage groups. Under the system of extramarital group marriage, the individual father can not confirm that the child born can only be raised by the mother, The lineage must also acknowledge and trace only through the mother. The Swedish scholar Bahuofen, in his book “Theories of the Rights of Others,” considered women as the only identifiable dear, highly esteemed and prestigious, to the point of being completely ruled by women, “Matriarchy ” concept. Indeed, “the full power of the clan depends on the number of its members.” Namely the existence of women and their fertility,