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原始社会在人类历史上大约经历了三百万年,原始社会史的科学研究却只有百余年的历史。由于太古时代无文字记载,所以,原始社会史上的许多基本问题至今仍在探索中。百余年来的民族学名著曾断言,母系制是原始社会必经的一个重要的历史阶段,这在我国的民族学界可谓没有疑义的,但在国外,至今仍有不少民族学者否认它的存在。这对原始社会史的研究来说,应是正常的事。本文不打算就母系制的有关争论进行评论,只是就个人的调查研究所见,对基诺族的母系氏族公社残余及其向父系氏族公社的过渡作一些探索,但求为母系制的研究增加一个实例而已。或许这个实例并不算典型,然而,从中也许会为母系制的研究提出一点值得探索的新问题。
Primitive society has experienced about three million years in human history, and the scientific research of the primitive social history has only a hundred years of history. Due to the absence of written records in the Age of Archeology, many basic problems in primitive social history are still under investigation. Over the past hundred years, the national famous classics have asserted that matriarchal system is an important historic stage that the primitive society must pass, which can be described as undoubtedly in ethnology of our country. However, there are still many ethnic scholars in the world who still deny it exist. This should be normal for the study of primitive social history. This article does not intend to comment on the matrilineal controversy. It only explores the remnants of the matriarchal commune of the Jino ethnic group and their transition to the patriarchal clan commune, but seeks to add one more to the study of the matriarchal system Instance only. Perhaps this example is not typical; however, there may be some new questions to explore for matriarchal research.