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there be句型是英语中常见的特殊句型,同时也是中考的考点之一。因此,掌握这种句型是非常重要的。
一、基本结构
There be+名词+方位介词短语
含义:某地有某物。其中there be是“有”的意思。如:
There is a book on the desk.
“有” “某物”“某地”
有时为了强调“某物”的位置,可以把“某地”放在句子开头。例如句子Under the tree there are many flowers.中“Under the tree(某地)”被放在句首,起强调作用。
二、与have/has(有)的区别
there be句型是:某地“有”某物。只知道“某物”存在于“某地”,不强调或者不交代“某物”的主人。该句型重在表达“存在”,故被称之为“存在的‘有’”。例如“There are some boxes in the room.”一句中只说明“boxes”是“in the room”而不知道“boxes”的“主人”(拥有者)。
而have一般表示“所有、拥有”,知道东西的主人。该句型通常表示“某人拥有某物”。
有时两句型可互换。如:
There are 70 teachers in our school.=Our school has 70 teachers.
三、与there be相关的题型及解题对策
1. 变为一般疑问句
方法:直接将be动词移到句首。(some要改成any,人称、大小写、标点符号也要作相应的变化。) 如:
There is some juice in my bottle. (变为一般疑问句)
→Is there any juice in your bottle?
分析:应该将some(常用于肯定句)改为any(常用于否定句和疑问句)。my改为your(人称变化规律:一、二交换三不换)。
2. 变为否定句
方法:直接在be动词后面加上not。如:
There are some bags near the chair. (变为否定句)
→There aren’t any bags near the chair. 或者→There are no bags near the chair.
3. 对划线部分提问
1)对句中的名词提问
方法:用What’s+方位介词短语?如:
There are three apples on the tree. (对划线部分提问)
→What’s on the tree?
2)对句中的方位介词短语(地点)提问
方法:用Where+be动词+主语?去掉there,而且在作主语的名词(短语)前通常用定冠词。如: There are twelve pears in the box. (对划线部分提问)
→Where are the twelve pears?
3)对句中可数名词的数量提问
方法:How many+可数名词的复数+一般疑问句?如:
There is a cup of tea on the table. (对划线部分提问)
→How many cups of tea are there on the table?
4)对句中不可数名词的数量提问
方法:How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句?如:
There is a bottle of milk in the box. (对划线部分提问)
→How much milk is there in the box?
4. 变为反意疑问句
方法:在该句末尾加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句。如:
There is much water on the floor. (变为反意疑问句)
→There is much water on the floor, isn’t there?
5. 单、复数变化
方法:is与are交换,a/an与some交换,名词单数与复数变换。如:
There are some oranges in the basket. (改为单数形式)
→There is an orange in the basket. (be和名词作相应的变化)
6. 和have进行同义转换
方法:注意there be和have不能同时出现在一句中。如:
There are five pencils in Tom’s hand. (同意句转换)
→Tom has five pencils in his hand.
7. 用动词的适当形式填空
方法:注意时态及主谓一致问题。如:
There ____(be) a pen and eleven ball-pens in the pencil-box.
答案:is。
分析:虽然句意为“有一支钢笔和十一支圆珠笔”共计十二支笔,但是距离be动词最近的名词a pen是单数,所以仍然要使用is而不使用are。这就是英语中的“就近原则”。
8. 选择
方法:注意时态及主谓一致问题。如:
There ____ a film in our school tomorrow.
A. has B. have C. will be D. will have
答案:C。
分析:因为tomorrow表示将来发生,所以选项A、B均不符合要求。该句是一个there be句型,故不能选用have,故选C。
一、基本结构
There be+名词+方位介词短语
含义:某地有某物。其中there be是“有”的意思。如:
There is a book on the desk.
“有” “某物”“某地”
有时为了强调“某物”的位置,可以把“某地”放在句子开头。例如句子Under the tree there are many flowers.中“Under the tree(某地)”被放在句首,起强调作用。
二、与have/has(有)的区别
there be句型是:某地“有”某物。只知道“某物”存在于“某地”,不强调或者不交代“某物”的主人。该句型重在表达“存在”,故被称之为“存在的‘有’”。例如“There are some boxes in the room.”一句中只说明“boxes”是“in the room”而不知道“boxes”的“主人”(拥有者)。
而have一般表示“所有、拥有”,知道东西的主人。该句型通常表示“某人拥有某物”。
有时两句型可互换。如:
There are 70 teachers in our school.=Our school has 70 teachers.
三、与there be相关的题型及解题对策
1. 变为一般疑问句
方法:直接将be动词移到句首。(some要改成any,人称、大小写、标点符号也要作相应的变化。) 如:
There is some juice in my bottle. (变为一般疑问句)
→Is there any juice in your bottle?
分析:应该将some(常用于肯定句)改为any(常用于否定句和疑问句)。my改为your(人称变化规律:一、二交换三不换)。
2. 变为否定句
方法:直接在be动词后面加上not。如:
There are some bags near the chair. (变为否定句)
→There aren’t any bags near the chair. 或者→There are no bags near the chair.
3. 对划线部分提问
1)对句中的名词提问
方法:用What’s+方位介词短语?如:
There are three apples on the tree. (对划线部分提问)
→What’s on the tree?
2)对句中的方位介词短语(地点)提问
方法:用Where+be动词+主语?去掉there,而且在作主语的名词(短语)前通常用定冠词。如: There are twelve pears in the box. (对划线部分提问)
→Where are the twelve pears?
3)对句中可数名词的数量提问
方法:How many+可数名词的复数+一般疑问句?如:
There is a cup of tea on the table. (对划线部分提问)
→How many cups of tea are there on the table?
4)对句中不可数名词的数量提问
方法:How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句?如:
There is a bottle of milk in the box. (对划线部分提问)
→How much milk is there in the box?
4. 变为反意疑问句
方法:在该句末尾加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句。如:
There is much water on the floor. (变为反意疑问句)
→There is much water on the floor, isn’t there?
5. 单、复数变化
方法:is与are交换,a/an与some交换,名词单数与复数变换。如:
There are some oranges in the basket. (改为单数形式)
→There is an orange in the basket. (be和名词作相应的变化)
6. 和have进行同义转换
方法:注意there be和have不能同时出现在一句中。如:
There are five pencils in Tom’s hand. (同意句转换)
→Tom has five pencils in his hand.
7. 用动词的适当形式填空
方法:注意时态及主谓一致问题。如:
There ____(be) a pen and eleven ball-pens in the pencil-box.
答案:is。
分析:虽然句意为“有一支钢笔和十一支圆珠笔”共计十二支笔,但是距离be动词最近的名词a pen是单数,所以仍然要使用is而不使用are。这就是英语中的“就近原则”。
8. 选择
方法:注意时态及主谓一致问题。如:
There ____ a film in our school tomorrow.
A. has B. have C. will be D. will have
答案:C。
分析:因为tomorrow表示将来发生,所以选项A、B均不符合要求。该句是一个there be句型,故不能选用have,故选C。