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日本经济在60年代经历了年均增长率10%的高速增长期后,70年代初至80年代的年均增长率大体保持在4%的“中速增长”。然而,90年代日本经济平均年增长率只有1%,是战后日本经济表现最差的时期,被称为“十年萧条”。有的日本学者认为,90年代对于日本来说是“失去了的十年”。“一进一退”的根本原因在这“失去了的十年”当中,又以1997、1998年度的经济形势最为严峻,连续两个年度出现了负增长(1997年度的实际增长率是-0.4%,1998年度为-1.9%)。在这以前,日本经济只是在第一次石油危机后的1974年出现过负增长,那年实际增长率(除去物价变动的影响)为负,但名义增长率仍为正。因此,就实际增长率而言,1997、1998年度是战后日本第二、
After the Japanese economy experienced a rapid growth period of 10% per annum in the 1960s, the average annual growth rate from the early 1970s to the 1980s remained at about 4% “moderate growth”. However, the average annual growth rate of Japan’s economy in the 1990s was only 1%, the worst period of post-war Japan’s economic performance and it was called the “Decade of Depression.” Some Japanese scholars think that the 1990s were “a lost decade” for Japan. The root causes of “one country, one country, and one country retreat” were the most serious of the “ten lost years” in 1997 and 1998 and the two consecutive years of negative growth (the actual growth rate in 1997 was -0.4% -1.9% in 1998). Prior to this, the Japanese economy only experienced negative growth in 1974 after the first oil crisis, when the real growth rate (excluding the effect of price changes) was negative, but the nominal growth rate was still positive. Therefore, as far as the actual growth rate is concerned, 1997 and 1998 were the second in Japan after the war,