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一、标志之一:反应速率正、逆反应速率相等,是化学平衡状态的本质特征,是针对反应体系中同一反应物或同一生成物而言,由于该物质的生成速率与消耗速率相等,才能使这种物质的浓度或质量分数保持不变,才能达到化学平衡状态。若同一反应中某物质的正反应速率与另一物质的逆反应速率之比等于方程式中系数比,也可说明该反应中某一物质的正、逆反应相等,达到平衡状态。例:在一定条件下4NH_3(气)+5O_2(气)(?)2NO(气)+6H_2O(气)达到平衡时,当正反应氨气的消耗速率 V_(NH_3)与逆反应氨气的生成速率 V_(NH_3)相等时或正反应氧气的消耗速率 V_(O_2)与逆反应水的消耗速率 V_(H_2O)
One of the signs: the positive and negative reaction rates of the reaction rate are equal, and it is an essential feature of the chemical equilibrium state. For the same reactant or the same product in the reaction system, the rate of production and consumption of the substance can be equalized. The concentration or mass fraction of this substance remains unchanged until it reaches a chemical equilibrium. If the ratio of the positive reaction rate of a substance to the reverse reaction rate of another substance in the same reaction is equal to the coefficient ratio in the equation, it can also be shown that the positive and negative reactions of a certain substance in the reaction are equal and reach an equilibrium state. Example: When the 4NH_3(gas)+5O_2(gas)(?)2NO(gas)+6H_2O(gas) reaches equilibrium under certain conditions, when the positive reaction ammonia consumption rate V_(NH_3) and the reverse reaction ammonia generation rate When V_(NH_3) is equal or the consumption rate of positive reaction oxygen V_(O_2) and the consumption rate of reverse reaction water V_(H_2O)