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日本在战后的经济发展中形成了两类企业集团。一类是以银行为中心,通过垄断资本的重组而形成的金融集团;另一类是随着企业自身的发展壮大,逐步从原来所属的垄断组织中分离出来,而形成的独立企业集团。这两类企业集团,对于日本经济的高速增长都起着极为重要的作用。一、日本企业集团的概念关于企业集团,目前日本还没有一个法定的概念。日本的经济学家山田一郎在《企业集团经营论》中把企业集团定义为:“以各成员企业在技术及其他经济机能上的互相补充为目的,以成员的自主权为前提,在对等互利原则下结成的持续长久的经营结合形态体和经营协作体制。”这个定义基本上适用于战后早期出现的日本企业集团,而目前习惯上所称的企业集团
Japan formed two types of enterprise groups in the post-war economic development. One is a financial group formed by the reorganization of monopoly capital centered on banks, and the other is an independent enterprise group formed by the separation of monopolistic organizations that originally belonged to them as they developed. These two types of enterprise groups play an extremely important role in the rapid economic growth of Japan. I. The concept of Japanese corporate groups With regard to corporate groups, Japan currently does not have a statutory concept. Japanese economist Yamada Ichiro defines enterprise groups in the “Operations of the Enterprise Group” as: “In order to complement each other’s technical and other economic functions, the member’s autonomy is a prerequisite, and The sustained long-term business formed under the principle of mutual benefit combines modality and business cooperation systems." This definition basically applies to Japanese companies that emerged in the early postwar period, and is now customarily referred to as a corporate group.