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在我国的社会系统中,除了国家最高领导人外,其他任何人都有领导和上级,都有一个如何处理与领导和上级的关系问题。在领导实践中,下级如果与上级的人际关系处理不好,就会感觉到有一种心理压力,而长期的心理压力容易导致心理疾病,危及人的心理健康。我国著名心理学家丁瓒教授曾说过:“人类心理的适应,最主要的就是对于人际关系的适应。所以人类的心理病态,主要是由于这人际关系的失调而来。”（丁瓒:《青年心理修养》,丙寅医学社1947年出版）可见,处理好与上级的人际关系,掌握与上级相处的基本原则,是具有重要的理论和实践意义的。 所谓原则,就是观察问题和处理问题的准绳。处理好与上级关系的原则是多方面的。但作为下级,至少应该遵循以下一些最基本的原则:
In our social system, anyone other than the top national leader has leaders and superiors who have a problem of how to handle the relationship with leaders and superiors. In the practice of leadership, subordinates may feel a kind of psychological pressure if their interpersonal relationship with their superiors is not handled well, and long-term psychological pressure may easily lead to mental illness and endanger people’s mental health. Professor Ding Yong, a famous psychologist in our country, once said: “The most important thing about the adjustment of human psychology is the adaptation to interpersonal relationships, so the psychological state of human beings is mainly due to the imbalance of these interpersonal relationships.” (Ding Yi: Youth Psychology, "Bingyin Medical Publishing House, 1947) shows that dealing with good relationships with superiors and mastering the basic principles of getting along with superiors is of great theoretical and practical significance. The so-called principle is the yardstick for observing problems and handling problems. The principle of handling relationships with superiors is multifaceted. However, as a subordinate, you should at least follow some of the most basic principles: