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在研究内燃机的工作过程时,我们经常遇到温度。温度是物质冷热程度的标志。作为内燃机气缸内的气体工质来讲,温度乃是气体分子平均动能的量度。温度高,即气体分子平均运动的动能大;温度低,即气体分子平均运动的动能小。为了表示温度的高低,常常需要一个度量温度的标尺,即温标。历史上曾出现过多种温标,无论建立哪种温标,都需要选定各种测量手段,规定温标的基准点以及分度方法。 1 摄氏温标 1742年,瑞典天文学家摄尔修斯把水从结冰到沸腾这一过程中水银在玻璃毛细管中上升的高度,精确地分成一百等分,每一等分叫做1度,并确定水的冰点为0度,沸点为100度。为了纪念这位天文学家,
In studying the working process of internal combustion engines, we often encounter temperature. Temperature is a sign of the degree of hot and cold substances. As a gas cylinder in an internal combustion engine, the temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. High temperature, that is, the average kinetic energy of gas molecules large; temperature is low, that is, the average kinetic energy of gas molecules small. In order to indicate the level of temperature, it is often necessary to measure a temperature scale, the temperature scale. There have been many kinds of temperature scales in history. No matter which kind of temperature scale is established, all kinds of measurement methods need to be selected, and the standard point of temperature scale and the indexing method should be specified. 1 Celsius In 1742, the Swedish astronomer Cohenus accurately divided the height of the mercury in the glass capillary from freezing to boiling, into one hundredths of an inch, and each one is called 1 degree Make sure the freezing point of water is 0 degree and the boiling point is 100 degree. In honor of the astronomer,