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类脂被提纯后,当与水相共存时又能自发地重新形成封闭的膜系统,这种重新形成的膜系统称为脂质体。脂质体除可作为研究生物膜的模型外,近年来还发现它可能是一种有希望的药物载体。有各种方法可用来制取脂质体。如溶于有机溶剂的类脂在令溶剂蒸发后,可在水相的参与下形成多层脂质体;在去污剂与磷脂的混合物中移去去污剂形成单层脂质体;溶于乙醇的类脂快速注入缓冲溶液,则可形成小的单层脂质体等。但是所有这些方法形成的脂质体包裹水相的效率都不高,特别是对于生物大分子。
After the lipids are purified, they can spontaneously re-form a closed membrane system when coexisting with the aqueous phase. This reformed membrane system is called liposomes. In addition to being a model for the study of biofilms, liposomes have also been found in recent years as a promising drug carrier. There are various ways to make liposomes. Such as a lipid dissolved in an organic solvent, after evaporating the solvent, form a multilamellar liposome with the participation of the aqueous phase; removing the detergent to form a single layer of liposomes in a mixture of detergent and phospholipid; dissolving Rapid injection of lipid into ethanol buffer solution, you can form a small single-layer liposomes and so on. However, the liposomes formed by all of these methods do not efficiently encapsulate the aqueous phase, especially for biological macromolecules.