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本文介绍和发展了考特和沙弗(Cooter and Schaefer,2009)所提出的一个关于创新的理论分析框架,并将之应用于我国的经济实践,为我国经济增长方式从粗放型向集约型的转变提出了若干建议。本文的主要结论如下:经济实现集约式增长的一个重要源泉是经济中千千万万的个人所从事的创新活动。这种创新是公众在个人利益的激励下,运用自己所掌握的关于经济系统的分散的、局部的知识,发现关于资源利用的更优方案并努力将其付诸实现的过程。通过这种创新,个人获得了财富,而社会则实现了生产率的改进。因而,一个经济能否实现集约式增长的关键在于社会能够在多大程度上赋予公众创新的激励和能力。为了使我国经济实现集约式增长,政府可以采取的措施包括:(1)通过制度改革和法制建设,进一步消除人们通过掠夺资源或者控制资源的使用权等非创新手段积累私人财富的可能性;(2)进一步放松政府对资源配置和经济活动的管制,强化对政府权力的监督,减少政府寻租的空间;(3)建立更加高效亲民的资源配置平台(例如金融系统),为公众的创新提供公正的市场性融资环境;(4)尽可能降低贫富分化和资源集中的程度,让更多个人拥有通过创新而实现梦想的机会。
This paper introduces and develops a theoretical analysis frame of innovation proposed by Cooter and Schaefer (2009) and applies it to our country’s economic practice, which provides a theoretical basis for the transformation of our economic growth mode from extensive to intensive Made a number of suggestions. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: An important source of economic growth in an intensive manner is the innovation activities carried out by thousands of individuals in the economy. This kind of innovation is the process by which the public, motivated by personal interests, uses their own scattered and localized knowledge of the economic system to find out better ways to utilize resources and try to put them into effect. Through this innovation, individuals gain wealth while societies achieve productivity improvements. Thus, the key to an economy’s ability to achieve intensive growth lies in the extent to which the community can give the public innovative incentives and abilities. In order to achieve an intensive growth of our economy, the measures that the government can take include: (1) to further eliminate the possibility of accumulating private wealth through non-innovative means of looting or controlling the use of resources through institutional reform and legal system construction; 2) to further relax the government’s control over the allocation of resources and economic activities, to strengthen the supervision over the government’s authority and to reduce the space for government rent-seeking; and (3) to establish a more efficient and pro-friendly resource allocation platform (such as the financial system) for public innovation Fair market financing environment; (4) to minimize the degree of polarization between rich and poor and resources, so that more individuals have the opportunity to realize their dream through innovation.