集体本体论有两个核心概念:集体行动者与集体能动性。推理的进路和意向性的进路分别以随附和集体意向性为核心建构了不可还原的集体主体,形成了当下流行的集体本体论,为集体能否作为责任主体的研究打下了基础。然而,这两种进路的核心有所重合,且都存在细节解释的困境,例如语境设定问题和无穷倒推问题。集体本体论研究的未来方向在于从自下而上的进路转向规范进路和群体视角。 Collective ontology has two core concepts: collective actors and collective initiative. The path of reasoning and the path of intentionality respectively construct the irreversible collective subject with the attached and collective intention as the core, forming the current popular collective ontology, which lays the foundation for the study of whether the collective can be the responsibility subject. However, there is overlap between the two approaches and there are difficulties in explaining the details, such as the context setting problem and the infinite backstepping problem. The future direction of collective ontology research lies in the shift from the bottom-up approach to the normative approach and the group perspective.