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从今年元月1日起,我国在汇率制度上进行了全面改革,包括实现汇率并轨,实行以市场供求为基础的,单一的有管理的浮动汇率制度;实行银行结汇、售汇制,取消外汇留成和上缴;建立银行间外汇交易市场;改进汇率形成机制等。有人认为,这些改革措施是关贸总协定的要求,我国为复关才采取如此大步骤的改革。笔者认为,上述观点值得商榷。事实上,日本、韩国、泰国、印尼等入关都没有进行汇率制度改革,我国的汇率制度改革与关贸总协定并无直接法律联系。本文拟检讨关贸总协定外汇安排和我国汇率制度改革的法律本质,评价这次改革对我国复关的意义并探讨我国汇率制度的国际化趋势。
Starting from January 1 this year, China conducted a comprehensive reform on the exchange rate system, including the merging of exchange rates and the implementation of a single managed floating exchange rate system based on market supply and demand. The Bank implemented the system of settlement and exchange sale of foreign exchange and canceled foreign exchange Stay and turn over; establish the interbank foreign exchange market; improve the exchange rate formation mechanism. Some people think that these reform measures are the requirements of the GATT. Our country has taken such a big step toward the reform of the complex customs. The author believes that the above point of view is questionable. In fact, no exchange rate system reform has been carried out in Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Indonesia. There is no direct legal connection between the reform of China’s exchange rate system and GATT. This article intends to review the legal nature of the GATT foreign exchange arrangement and the reform of China’s exchange rate system, evaluate the significance of the reform on our country’s cross-customs and explore the internationalization trend of our exchange rate system.