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耕地细碎化是我国现代农业发展面临的突出问题,解决耕地细碎化问题是提高耕地利用效率的关键。基于农户耕地经营规模划分农户类型,利用武汉城市圈部分区县农户调查数据,采用DEA-Tobit模型分析了地块平均面积表征的耕地细碎化对耕地利用效率的影响。研究结果表明:1)小规模农户耕地经营面积平均为0.194 hm~2,利用效率为0.360;中规模农户耕地经营面积平均为0.492 hm~2,利用效率为0.446;大规模农户耕地经营面积平均为1.179 hm~2,利用效率为0.497;耕地利用效率与农户耕地经营规模呈正相关关系。2)耕地细碎化对农户耕地利用效率具有显著的影响,但对不同经营规模农户的影响存在显著差异;耕地细碎化对小规模农户的耕地利用效率具有正向作用,而对中、大规模农户的耕地利用效率具有负向作用;相对于小规模农户而言,细碎化对大规模农户的耕地利用效率的影响较大。因此,提高耕地利用效率,应鼓励耕地流转,为农户规模化经营耕地创造条件;在大力推进农业规模化经营的过程中,应将耕地整治与耕地流转有机结合起来,降低细碎化程度,以提高耕地利用效率。
Fragmentation of cultivated land is an outstanding problem facing the development of modern agriculture in our country. To solve the problem of the fragmentation of cultivated land is the key to improve the efficiency of cultivated land use. Based on the farmer households’ cultivated land management scale, based on the survey data of farmers in some districts and counties in Wuhan, the DEA-Tobit model was used to analyze the impact of cultivated land fragmentation on the farmland utilization efficiency. The results showed as follows: 1) The average area of arable land for small-scale farmers was 0.194 hm ~ 2, the utilization efficiency was 0.360; the average area of arable land for medium-scale farmers was 0.492 hm ~ 2 and the utilization efficiency was 0.446; 1.179 hm ~ 2, and the utilization efficiency was 0.497. The utilization efficiency of cultivated land was positively correlated with the farmland management scale of farmers. 2) Fragmentation of cultivated land has a significant impact on the utilization efficiency of farmland cultivated land, but there are significant differences in the impact on farm households with different scale of operation; the fragmentation of cultivated land has a positive effect on the efficiency of farmland utilization of small-scale rural households; on the other hand, Has a negative effect on the efficiency of arable land use; and the impact of fragmentation on the efficiency of arable land use by large-scale farmers is larger than that of small-scale farmers. Therefore, improving the utilization efficiency of arable land should encourage the circulation of arable land and create the conditions for the large-scale operation of arable land for farmers. In the process of promoting the large-scale operation of agriculture, a combination of cultivated land remediation and farmland circulation should be organically combined to reduce the degree of fragmentation so as to improve Cultivated land use efficiency.