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多糖是由糖甙键连接起来的醛糖或酮糖组成的天然大分子。仅由一种单糖组成的多糖称为同聚糖,而由一种以上单糖组成的多糖称为杂聚糖。多糖是所有生命有机体的重要组成成分并与维持生命所必需的多种功能有关,大量存在于藻类、真菌、高等陆生植物中。近年来植物来源多糖已成为一类重要的具有生物活性的天然产物。很多多糖都具有抗肿瘤、免疫、抗补体、抗炎症、抗凝血、降血糖和抗病毒活性。本文综述了美国化学文摘自1977年1月至1988年12月所摘录的具有生物活性的植物多糖。
Polysaccharides are natural macromolecules composed of aldose or ketose linked by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides composed of only one monosaccharide are called homopolysaccharides, while polysaccharides composed of more than one monosaccharide are called heteroglycosans. Polysaccharides are an important constituent of all living organisms and are involved in many functions necessary for the maintenance of life. They are abundant in algae, fungi and higher terrestrial plants. In recent years, plant-derived polysaccharides have become an important class of bioactive natural products. Many polysaccharides have anti-tumor, immune, anti-complement, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, hypoglycemic and anti-viral activity. This review summarizes the biologically active plant polysaccharides extracted from the American Chemical Abstracts Service from January 1977 to December 1988.