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支柱企业的跨区域搬迁具有引发巨大负外部社会效应的风险,很可能给雇员和社区整体造成持续性、重大物质损害和非物质影响。本文观察到,自20世纪60年代以来,除了美国所采的几近绝对自由的企业搬迁法律政策外,我们还能够观察到一些欧洲国家所采取了不同的法律政策,在一定程度上缓解甚至避免了支柱企业搬迁活动的负外部社会效应。本文初步表明,美国观察者及其中国追随者的观点具有很大的误导性,因为他们没有深入观察“支柱企业”和“非支柱企业”的重大差异,忽视了前者可能引发的巨大负外部性。中国需要吸取美国近半个世纪以来的教训。本文认为,“平等的社会财富获取机会”是我国社会主义民主政治所蕴含的一项基本价值追求。在市场经济背景下,劳动和市场交换是实现该价值的主要渠道。一些支柱企业搬迁不仅是不效率的,而且从根本上阻碍大量公民去平等地获取社会财富。法律有必要对其予以适度管制,以缓解或避免其造成的重大负面影响。
Cross-regional relocation of pillar enterprises poses the risk of creating a huge negative external social effect that is likely to create lasting, significant material damage and immaterial impacts on employees and the community as a whole. This article observes that since the 1960s, apart from the almost absolute freedom relocation laws and policies adopted by the United States, we have also been able to observe the different legal policies adopted by some European countries and to some extent ease or even avoid The negative external social effects of the relocation activities of the pillar enterprises. This article shows tentatively that the views of American observers and their followers in China are highly misleading because they do not look deeply into the major differences between the “pillar enterprises” and the “non-pillar enterprises”, ignoring the possible triggering of the former Great negative externalities. China needs to draw lessons from the United States for nearly half a century. This paper argues that “equal access to social wealth ” is a basic value pursuit inherent in the socialist democracy in our country. In the context of a market economy, labor and market exchange are the main channels through which this value is realized. The relocation of some pillar enterprises is not only inefficient but also fundamentally hinders large numbers of citizens from obtaining social wealth on an equal footing. It is necessary for the law to moderately regulate it in order to mitigate or avoid its significant negative impact.