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我国黄土总面积63.5万平方公里,占国土面积6.6%。主要分布在黄河中游的陕西北部、甘肃中部和东部、宁夏南部、山西西部和中部,形成茫茫的黄土高原。黄土高原矿物养分丰富,土层深厚,对农业生产有利,是中华民族的摇篮,古文明的发祥地;但处在干旱半干旱地带,降水少,变率大,植被稀疏,生态环境脆弱,加上人们不合理的利用土地,滥砍滥伐,开荒过牧,造成严重的水土流失,风沙侵袭等危害,严重威胁着人民生命财产和经济开发。一、主要灾害 1.水土流失严峻黄土高原是世界上水土流失最严重的地区之一。水土流失主要分布在土地支离破碎、梁峁起伏的丘陵沟壑区,水
The total area of loess in China is 635,000 square kilometers, accounting for 6.6% of the total land area. Mainly distributed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in northern Shaanxi, central and eastern Gansu, southern Ningxia, western Shanxi and central, forming a vast Loess Plateau. Loess Plateau rich in mineral nutrients, deep soil, beneficial to agricultural production, is the cradle of the Chinese nation, the birthplace of the ancient civilization; but in arid and semi-arid areas, less precipitation, large variability, sparse vegetation, fragile eco-environment, coupled with People use land irresponsibly, indiscriminately deforestation, wasteland pasturing, causing serious soil erosion, sandstorms and other hazards, a serious threat to people’s lives and property and economic development. I. Major Disasters 1. Severe Soil and Water Loss The Loess Plateau is one of the areas with the most serious soil and water loss in the world. Soil erosion is mainly distributed in the fragmented land, Lianggou undulating hilly areas, water