晚清以降,自从外国传教士凭借着不平等条约深入内地传教开始,中国人民的反洋教斗争就相伴而生,其高潮就是义和团运动。在义和团时期,张之洞出于对国运的忧虑,反对义和团运动,镇压反洋教斗争,组织东南互保。张之洞的教案思想,既有爱国、护民、捍卫主权的一面,又有软弱、妥协、委曲求全的一面,而妥协大于斗争。这种悲剧的产生,是中华民族近代的屈辱与抗争在张之洞思想中的一种反映。 Since the late Qing Dynasty began to decline, since foreign missionaries started their in-depth mission to the Mainland with unequal treaties, the Chinese people’s struggle against foreignism has accompanied with them the climax of the Yihetuan Movement. During the Yihetuan era, Zhang Zhidong out of anxiety about the country’s fortunes, opposed the Boxer movement, suppressed the anti-foreign religious struggle, organize the mutual security of southeast. Zhang Zhidong’s teaching plan thought has both patriotism, safeguarding the people and safeguarding the sovereignty, as well as weakness, compromise and compromise, while compromise is greater than struggle. This kind of tragedy is a reflection of the modern Chinese humiliation and resistance in Zhang Zhidong’s thought.