对尿路感染(尿感)的诊断目前仍存在不少问题。现在公认,确定尿感不能单纯依靠临床症状,因为它可为多样性,和很不典型,有时甚至完全无尿路症状,另一方面,有尿急、尿频等症状者,不一定是尿感,可能为非微生物所致之尿道综合征,晚近有些学者认为,此综合征是由膀胱外括约肌痉挛引起。确定为真性菌尿即表示有尿感存在,它的诊断标准是:(1)有尿感症状的,一次中段尿细菌定量培养>10~5/ml;或虽无尿感症状,但二次定量培养均<10~5ml,且是同一种细菌者,(2)导尿定量培养>10~5ml;(3)膀胱穿刺尿定性培养有细菌生长者。仅作导尿或中段尿定性培养其结果很不可靠,据我们的材料,其可靠率仅分别为69%或53%。尿涂片镜检找细菌法,其准确率较高,即用尿沉渣涂片革兰氏染色后,用油镜检查细菌,如果查10个视野,平均有一个细菌以上,即为阳性,表示尿含菌量>10~5/ml,其准 Urinary tract infection (urinary tract) diagnosis of the current there are still many problems. Now recognized that the determination of urine can not rely solely on clinical symptoms, because it can be diverse, and is not typical, and sometimes no urinary tract symptoms, on the other hand, there is urgency, frequent urination and other symptoms, not necessarily urine , May be caused by non-microbiological urethral syndrome, recently some scholars believe that this syndrome is caused by the spasm of the bladder outside the sphincter. Confirmed as true bacteriuria that there is a sense of urine, its diagnostic criteria are: (1) a sense of urine, a middle urine quantitative culture> 10 ~ 5 / ml; or although no symptoms of urine, but the second Quantitative culture were <10 ~ 5ml, and are the same bacteria, (2) catheterization quantitative culture> 10 ~ 5ml; (3) bladder puncture urine qualitative culture with bacterial growth. For catheterization or mid-urine qualitative cultures, the results are very unreliable, which, according to our materials, are only 69% or 53%, respectively. Urine smear microscopy bacterial law, the higher the accuracy rate, that is, urine sediment smear Gram stain, with an oil mirror to check the bacteria, if check 10 fields, an average of more than one bacteria, that is positive, that Urine bacteria> 10 ~ 5 / ml, its prospective