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人类自古以来就熟悉燃烧现象,一块木头烧成了灰烬,人们总觉得似乎有什么东西从木头中跑掉了。到了十七世纪,这种直观被化学家抽象而形成为一种普遍的理论,这就是燃素说。燃素说认为物质燃烧被看作是失去燃素的过程。 十八世纪,化学家都普遍认为燃素没有重量,它如幽灵一样可以从容器中跑掉。正当人们困惑不解,左右徘徊的时候,瑞典大化学家卡尔·舍勒(1742～1786年)一和一位叫普利斯特里(1733～1804年)的英国牧师经过千辛万苦,先后发现了氧气,给沉闷一时的化学界带来了新的转机。由于氧气能帮助燃烧,他们称它为“火焰空气”,但他们仍然对燃素理论坚信不移。舍勒认为“火焰空气”在密闭容器中的消灭,是由于一种物质燃烧时,
Humans have been familiar with the phenomenon of burning since ancient times, a piece of wood has been burnt to ashes, and people always seem to have something that seems to have run away from the wood. By the seventeenth century, this intuition was abstracted by chemists as a general theory, which is the phlogiston theory. Pox said that the material combustion is seen as the process of losing the phlogiston. In the eighteenth century, chemists generally regarded the fuel as weightless and ran away from the container as a ghost. Just as people puzzled and wandered around, Swedish chemist Karl Scheler (1742-1786) and a British pastor named Priestree (1733-1804) Oxygen has been found, to the boring chemistry has brought a new turning point. Because oxygen helps burn, they call it “flames of air,” but they are still convinced of the theory of phlogiston. Scheler that the “flame air” in the closed container to eliminate, is due to a material burning,