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根据2015年11月(秋季)、2016年5月(春季)在舟山近岸海域开展的渔业资源调查中所获得的虾类数据,用渔获量作为虾类资源分布的数量指标,对该海域虾类的种类组成、数量时空分布、种群变动趋势以及与环境因子的关系等进行了研究。研究认为:(1)调查海域共鉴定出虾类21种,隶属于8科15属;数量分布春秋季变化明显,总体而言秋季多于春季,调查海域北部多于南部。(2)不同季节优势种与常见种差异较大。与以往调查相比,小型虾类取代大型虾类成为优势种。(3)底层温度和盐度对舟山近岸海域虾类渔获量分布无明显影响,但按深度分类分析,虾类渔获量随水深变化呈现差异。(4)ABC曲线显示,渔获量曲线和丰度曲线交错,表明调查海域虾类群落受人类影响强烈,处于严重干扰状态,生态敏感度高。因此,舟山近岸海域虾类生物资源受人类活动影响强烈,群落结构发生明显演替,主要渔获呈现小型化、低产化趋势。
According to the data of shrimp collected from the investigation of fisheries resources in the Zhoushan offshore area in November 2015 (autumn) and May 2016 (spring), the catch is used as the quantitative index of the distribution of shrimp resources, Shrimp species composition, the number of space-time distribution, trends in population dynamics and the relationship with environmental factors were studied. The results showed that: (1) 21 species of shrimp were identified, belonging to 8 families and 15 genera in the surveyed waters. The distribution of quantity and quantity varied significantly in spring and autumn. In general, the fall was more than that in spring, while the northern part of the survey area was more than the southern part. (2) There are significant differences between dominant species and common species in different seasons. Compared with the previous survey, small shrimp replaced the large shrimp became the dominant species. (3) The bottom temperature and salinity had no significant effect on the distribution of shrimp catch in the coastal waters of Zhoushan. However, according to the depth classification analysis, the shrimp catch varied with water depth. (4) The ABC curve shows that the catch curve and the abundance curve are staggered, indicating that the shrimp community in the surveyed sea area is strongly affected by human beings and is in a serious interference state with high ecological sensitivity. Therefore, the shrimp biological resources in Zhoushan offshore area are strongly influenced by human activities, and the community structure evidently evolves. The main catches show the trend of miniaturization and low yield.