导言菲律宾战后发展经验中有两个明显的缺点。一是失业和就业不足情况极为严重,这至少要部分归咎于政府所实施的发展政策的性质;二是高贫困率(八十年代中期约有60％家庭处于贫困线下),特别是占人口70％的农村地区的贫困率很高(占总数四分之三的贫困户在农村)。两者是相辅相成的,失业和就业不足之中隐藏着贫困。 Introduction There are two obvious shortcomings in the Philippine post-war development experience. First, the situation of unemployment and underemployment is extremely serious, at least in part due to the nature of the development policies implemented by the government. Second, the high poverty rate (about 60% of households in the mid-1980s are below the poverty line), especially the population 70% of rural areas have high poverty rates (three quarters of poor households in rural areas). The two are mutually reinforcing, and poverty is hidden in unemployment and underemployment.