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大金山岛属上海市金山三岛海洋生态保护区,岛上土壤未受到人为活动的污染。为了解不同自然植被类型下土壤动物群落结构组成及其生态分布,于2015年秋季在大金山岛竹林、乔木林和灌木林的南、北坡中分别进行土壤动物采样。结果显示:6个样地共捕获土壤动物12,769只,隶属于28个类群,优势类群为蜱螨亚纲和弹尾纲,分别占总捕获量的70.15%和19.27%;常见类群有原尾纲、半翅目、膜翅目和线蚓科,占总捕获量的7.06%。北坡和南坡优势类群均为蜱螨亚纲(74.26%、65.32%)和弹尾纲(16.52%、22.49%),但常见类群和稀有类群存在一定差异。不同植被类型土壤动物的群落结构组成存在一定差异,但无论是北坡还是南坡密度均为灌木林>乔木林>竹林,类群数变化为灌木林>竹林>乔木林。无论北坡还是南坡,不同植被类型下土壤动物群落生态指数各不相同,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均为灌木林>乔木林>竹林。大金山岛灌木林中土壤动物群落多样性高于乔木林和竹林,很可能与灌木林中较为适宜的微环境有关。
Dajin Shan Island is a Jinshan Mishima marine ecological protection zone in Shanghai. The island soil is not polluted by human activities. In order to understand the composition and ecological distribution of soil animal community under different types of natural vegetation, soil animal samples were taken from the south and north slopes of the bamboo forest, the arbor forest and the shrub forest in Dajin Mountain in the autumn of 2015 respectively. The results showed that 12,769 soil animals were captured in 6 plots, belonging to 28 taxa. The dominant taxa were Acari and Subtenon, accounting for 70.15% and 19.27% of the total catch respectively. Common taxa were Prototheca, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lineworm, accounting for 7.06% of the total catch. The dominant groups on the north and south slopes were Acari, (74.26%, 65.32%) and Eupatorium (16.52%, 22.49%), but there were some differences between common and rare groups. The community composition of soil fauna varied with different vegetation types. However, the densities of shrubs, arborvitae and bamboo groves varied from shrubs to bamboo forests to arbor forests in both north and south slopes. The ecological indexs of soil fauna under different types of vegetation vary from north slope to south slope. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index are shrub> arbor> bamboo. The diversity of soil animal community in shrub forest in Daijin Mountain is higher than that in arbor and bamboo forest, which is probably related to the more suitable microenvironment in shrub forest.