在现代商品经济条件下,市场和计划都是经济手段。商品经济不分“楚河汉界”,作为发达商品经济的市场经济也没有国别与社界,要发展社会主义市场经济,必须深入认识市场经济的本质。 市场经济的必然存在,源于人类的需要及满足这种需要的程度。人类的需要是无限的,社会的资源是有限的。需要的满足形成消费,资源的配置形成生产。消费刺激生产,生产满足消费。消费欲望形成需求,生产能力形成供给。资源有限与需要无限的矛盾带来供给有限与需求无限的矛盾。要解决这个矛盾,尽量使有效供给与有效需求一致,实现最大满足和最大盈利,就得处理好三个基本问题,即应该生产什么商品和劳务以及生产多少?在什么地方生产和怎样组 In modern commodity economy, markets and plans are all economic measures. There is no country or community in the market economy as a developed commodity economy, regardless of the “Chu-He-Han sector”. To develop the socialist market economy, we must thoroughly understand the essence of the market economy. The inevitable existence of a market economy stems from the needs of mankind and the degree to which such needs are met. Human needs are unlimited and the resources of society are limited. The need to meet the formation of consumption, the allocation of resources to form a production. Consumption to stimulate production, production to meet consumer. Consumption desire to form the demand, the formation of supply capacity. The contradiction between limited resources and unlimited needs leads to the contradiction between limited supply and unlimited demand. To solve this contradiction and try to make effective supply consistent with effective demand and achieve maximum satisfaction and maximum profit, we have to deal with three basic questions: what goods and services should be produced and how much production? Where and how to produce