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自由基在医学中的意义,已不能认为仅与放射医学有关。许多资料表明,在生物化学、生理学、病理学、免疫学、药理学、毒理学、临床医学及环境污染等方面,都涉及自由基的作用。 自由基(Free radical)又称游离基,是指具有未配对价电子的原子或原子团。在化学反应中,共价键发生均裂,使共用电子对分属于两个原子或原子团,产生自由基;如共价键发生异裂,共用电子对变为单方独占,则形成离子。例如:水在电离辐射作用下分解,产生氢自由基(·H)和氢氧自由基(·OH), 即 H_20 H·+·OH 水在通常条件下电离,则形成氢离子(H~+)和氢氧根离子(OH~-)
The significance of free radicals in medicine can no longer be considered as only relevant to radiology. Many sources indicate that free radicals are involved in biochemistry, physiology, pathology, immunology, pharmacology, toxicology, clinical medicine and environmental pollution. Free radical, also known as radical, refers to an atom or group of atoms with unpaired valence electrons. In chemical reactions, the covalent bonds are split, so that the common electron pairs belong to two atoms or radicals, resulting in free radicals; such as covalent bond cracking occurs, the common electron pair becomes unilateral exclusive, the formation of ions. For example, water decomposes under ionizing radiation to generate hydrogen radicals (· H) and hydroxyl radicals (· OH), that is, H 2 O · H 2 O · OH water ionizes under normal conditions to form hydrogen ions (H + ) And hydroxide ions (OH ~ -)