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基因是决定遗传性状的独立结构和功能单位,贮藏着所有的遗传信息(四种碱基的不同排列顺序包含了各种遗传信息)。基因在染色体上按一定顺序呈直线排列,各基因所占的一定位置名“位点”。每条染色体上平均约有2千余个基因,故每一体细胞内约有5万对结构基因决定着各种遗传性状。基因的作用是通过酶系统实现的,当基因的成份——核酸发生变化后将直接影响到某种酶的合成障碍(数量不足或无活性),故酶的合成受基因控制,而人体的各种代谢过程必须有特定酶的
Genes are independent structural and functional units that determine genetic traits. They store all the genetic information (the four different bases contain different genetic information). Genes arranged in a straight line in a certain order on chromosomes, each gene occupies a certain position “site.” Each chromosome has an average of about 2 thousand genes, so each body cells about 50,000 pairs of structural genes determine a variety of genetic traits. The role of genes through the enzyme system to achieve, when the gene composition - changes in nucleic acid will directly affect the synthesis of an enzyme barrier (insufficient or no activity), so the enzyme synthesis by gene control, and the human body each The metabolic process must have a specific enzyme