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面对不断升高的犯罪率,善良的人们总是期望借助科学的灵丹妙药,将所有犯罪分子手到擒来。测谎技术的推广者们正在说服人们相信,测谎仪就是这种灵丹妙药。据研究,用机器进行测谎始于18世纪,最早的文字记载是1730年丹尼尔·迪弗的作品《立即禁止街道抢劫和防止夜晚各种混乱的一种有效机器》,而真正将测谎仪用于侦察犯罪,则是意大利犯罪学家朗布罗梭。1895年,他研制出一种“水力脉搏记录仪”,通过记录脉搏和血压的变化判断嫌疑人是否与案件有关,而且成功侦破了几起案件。
In the face of rising crime rates, good people always expect to use scientific panacea to bring all criminals to the table. Polygraph promoters are convincing people that polygraphs are such a panacea. According to research, the use of machines to detect lies began in the 18th century, and the earliest written record was that of Daniel Differ’s work “An Effective Machine for Prohibiting Street Robbery and Preventing Night Confusion” in 1730. For reconnaissance crimes, it is the Italian criminologist Longbroso. In 1895, he developed a “hydraulic pulse recorder” to determine whether the suspect was related to the case by recording changes in pulse and blood pressure, and successfully detected several cases.