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孙奇逢是畿南容城一位颇有头脑的封建文人。他从明末社会诸多不正常的现象中,便预感到明朝行将灭亡。面对农民革命风暴,他曾出面组织封建武装,对抗农民起义,最终亲身经历了明王朝大厦坍塌、清王朝定鼎北京、土地为从龙诸贵圈占而扫地出门的极大痛苦。他反思历史,认为“明不亡于逆闯而亡于逆珰。”在其总结的历史经验中虽有不少感性的东西,但也有颇多理性色彩。比如,他恨透了李自成农民起义,却不把朱明灭亡归罪李自成农民起义,而是透过李自成亡明的历史事实,正确地问罪于明朝皇帝,问罪于明朝的专制统治,他的确不失为是历史上一位有远见卓识的思想家。 一、“与民为仇者,民必胜之” 在封建社会,没有哪个皇帝不想一世万世地统治下去。但是主观愿望代替不了历史的客观发展变化。孙奇逢说:“从古无平而不陂之理。”天下事“总之天也,非人之所能为也。”(《夏峰集》)103页、258页)这是不以人们的意
Sun Qi Feng is a mind-conscious Nanchang Rongcheng feudal literati. From the many abnormal phenomena in the society of late Ming, he foretold the demise of the Ming Dynasty. In the face of the peasant revolution storm, he worked hard to organize the feudal armed forces and counter the peasant uprising. He finally experienced the collapse of the Ming Dynasty Mansion, the great dilemma that the Qing Dynasty dynasty established Beijing and the land was swept away by the dragon and the dragon circles. He reflects on history and believes that “it is clear that death will not die in reverse and will die in the opposite.” Although there are many perceptual things in his historical experience, there is also a lot of rational colors. For example, he hated the Li Zicheng peasant uprising, but did not blame the death of Zhu Zi Li Zicheng peasant uprising, but through Li Zicheng’s historical facts, correctly to the Ming Emperor, to blame for the dictatorship of the Ming Dynasty, he really It is a visionary in history. First, “with the people for the enemy, the people win the victory” In the feudal society, no emperor did not want to rule all the world go. However, the subjective desire can not replace the objective changes in history. Sun Qifeng said: “From ancient times, there was no reason to rule the truth.” World affairs “In short, Heaven can also be inhuman.” (“Xia Feng Ji”) 103 pages, 258 pages) This is not to People’s meaning