20世纪80年代出生的第二代农民工与改革开放初期进城打工的第一代农民工是两个存在诸多差异的亚群体。本文主要通过对第一代农民工和第二代农民工的特征及其劳动力供给的经济学分析,揭示世纪之交前后我国出现“民工潮”和“民工荒”的微观层面的原因,认为推进二元劳动力市场的一元化和第二代农民工的市民化是解决农民工问题的根本出路所在。 The second generation of migrant workers born in the 1980s and the first generation of migrant workers working in cities during the initial stage of reform and opening up are two subgroups with many differences. This paper mainly analyzes the characteristics of the first generation of migrant workers and the second generation of migrant workers and their economic analysis of labor supply to reveal the reasons for the emergence of “migrant workers tide” and “shortage of migrant workers” in our country before and after the turn of the century. The dualization of the dual labor market and the citizenization of the second generation of migrant workers are fundamental solutions to the problem of migrant workers.