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利用株高等17个表型性状和48个SSR标记,对云南省18个育种部门(或课题组)自20世纪60年代以来选育的40个品种(系)进行遗传相似性分析。结果显示,基于17个表型性状,40个品种(系)间的遗传相似性系数值平均为0.244,籼型品种间为0.289,粳型为0.309,籼粳亚种间为0.162;基于48个SSR分子标记,40个品种(系)间的遗传相似性系数值平均为0.383,籼型为0.318,粳型为0.478,籼粳亚种间为0.267;表明表型遗传相似性低于DNA水平。48个SSR分子标记共检测到214个等位基因(Na),每个标记平均为4.458个,变幅为2～8个;有效等位基因数(Ne)平均值为2.8336,变幅为1.1515～5.2981;多态性信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.6058,变幅为0.2118～0.8816;基因型多样性指数(H′)平均值为1.1328,变幅为0.3768～1.8087;其中RM84、RM249、RM152、RM222和RM528是评价云南省水稻选育品种(系)遗传相似性比较理想的SSR标记。聚类分析显示,云南省水稻主要选育品种(系)表现为亚种间遗传差异明显,亚种内遗传差异较小,粳型品种间遗传相似性高于籼型,表明云南省选育的粳型品种(系)遗传多样性低,尤其是同一育种部门(或课题组)选育的品种间遗传相似度较高。
By using 17 phenotypic traits and 48 SSR markers, genetic similarity analysis was performed on 40 cultivars (lines) selected by 18 breeding departments (or research groups) in Yunnan Province since the 1960s. The results showed that based on the 17 phenotypic traits, the average values of genetic similarity among 40 cultivars (lines) were 0.244, 0.289 for indica varieties, 0.309 for japonica and 0.162 for indica and japonica subspecies. Based on 48 SSR markers, average genetic similarity coefficient of 40 cultivars (lines) were 0.383, 0.318 for indica rice, 0.478 for japonica and 0.267 for indica and japonica subspecies. It showed that the genetic similarity of phenotypes was lower than that of DNA. A total of 214 alleles (Na) were detected in 48 SSR markers, with an average of 4.458 for each marker, ranging from 2 to 8. The average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 2.8336 with a variation of 1.1515 ~ 5.2981. The average value of polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.6058 and the amplitude was 0.2118 ~ 0.8816. The average value of genotype diversity index (H ’) was 1.1328 and the amplitude ranged from 0.3768 to 1.8087. Among them, RM84, RM249, RM152 , RM222 and RM528 are the SSR markers for evaluating the genetic similarity of rice breeding lines in Yunnan Province. Cluster analysis showed that the major rice breeding lines in Yunnan Province showed obvious genetic differences among subspecies and minor genetic differences in subspecies. The genetic similarity among the japonica cultivars was higher than that in indica rice, indicating that the breeding of Yunnan The genetic diversity of japonica cultivars (lines) is low, especially among the cultivars bred by the same breeding department (or research group).