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在原油长距离管道输送中,为了降低输油能耗,常将含蜡原油一次性高温加热处理,再经换热器与冷原油换热冷却的措施,在一定时间内使原油低温流动性得到显著地改善,以达到沿线不加热常温输送的节能目的。这一物理过程称为原油热处理。原油是液态烃类混合物,原油中所含蜡一般是碳原子数为16～40的烷烃。蜡在原油中的溶解度随温度的降低而减小,当温度降低到原油析蜡温度以下时,蜡就从原油中按分子量的大小顺序结晶析出。温度继续降低,蜡晶增多并逐渐形成相互联结的三维空间网络结构,把原油的液态组分包在其中。当这种结构遍及原油时,原油即失去了流动性。此时温度称为原油的凝固
In the long distance pipeline transportation of crude oil, in order to reduce the energy consumption of oil transportation, the waxy crude oil is often subjected to a one-time high-temperature heat treatment and then to the heat exchange and cold crude oil heat exchange cooling measures, so as to obtain the crude oil low temperature fluidity within a certain period of time Significantly improved in order to achieve energy-saving transmission along the line without heating at room temperature. This physical process is called crude oil heat treatment. Crude oil is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, crude oil containing wax is generally 16 to 40 carbon atoms of alkanes. The solubility of wax in crude oil decreases as the temperature decreases. When the temperature drops below the waxing temperature of crude oil, the wax crystallizes out of the crude oil in the order of molecular weight. The temperature continues to decrease, wax crystals increase and gradually form a network structure of three-dimensional interconnected three-dimensional network structure, the crude oil liquid components included in them. When this structure spreads over crude oil, the crude oil loses its liquidity. At this point the temperature is called the solidification of crude oil