象征(Symbol):来自希腊语中的两个词,syn(在一起)和bollein(投射)。一个东西意味着或者代表着另一个东西,只要习惯于风俗允许,几乎任何事物都可以作为一种象征。象征是文化的建构,大多数都不具备普遍公认的意义。——奥纳·鲍伊《宗教人类学导论》根据社会记忆理论,族群作为文化共同体,其集体记忆通过纪念仪式和体化实践得以保持和延续,有关过去的意象和有关过去的记忆知识通过 Symbol: Two words from Greek, syn (together) and bollein (projection). A thing means or represents another thing, as long as the habit of custom allows, almost anything can be used as a symbol. Symbolism is the construction of culture, and most do not have universally accepted meaning. - Ona Bowie’s Introduction to Religious Anthropology According to the theory of social memory, ethnic groups as a cultural community and their collective memory are preserved and extended through commemorative ceremonies and practices of body-building. The images of the past and memories of past memories