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地处南岭北麓的道县玉蟾岩洞穴遗址发现有人工驯化痕迹的稻谷和陶片①,宣示着长江中游在距今12000年左右已进入新石器时代。但由于自然条件的限制,很难在早期达到食物生产者阶段,赖以生存的手段仍然主要靠狩猎和采集。玉蟾岩时期当地人们尚住在山洞里,还未能走进平原,形成露天的定居聚落。最早的露天定居聚落出现在洞庭湖平原,其时代距今已是9千年左右。彭头山文化赖以命名的澧县彭头山遗址~(14)C年代数据为距今9000~7500年,一万多平方米的聚落延续时间有1500年之久②。属于这一考古学文化,而且出土物更为重要且更具研究价值的是澧县八十垱遗址③。彭头山和八
It is located in the northern foot of Nanling County Yu Chan rock cave site found traces of artificial rice and pottery ①, declared the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in about 12,000 years ago has entered the Neolithic Age. However, due to the restriction of natural conditions, it is very difficult to reach the stage of food producers in the early stage and the means to survive are still mainly based on hunting and collecting. During the period of the jade toad rock, local people still live in caves and have not been able to walk into the plains to form open-air settled settlements. The earliest settlements in the open air appeared in the Dongting Lake Plain, and its age has been about 9,000 years ago. The Pengtoushan site of Pixian County, named after Pengtoushan Culture, has a history of 9000 to 7500 years ago. The duration of the settlement of over 10,000 square meters is 1500 years. Belonging to this archeological culture, and the more important and more valuable for the excavated materials are the Bajiu Site in Pixian County ③. Pengtoushan and eight