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“强调”是英语语言当中惯用手法,其目的是要突出就被强调部分的重要性。这种手法甚多,本文对词汇强调做一简单的小结如下:
1. do 作为助动词除了可以用在疑问句和否定句以外,还可以用在动词原形前起强调作用。注意:助动词的时态与形式要随句子的时态和人称的变化而变化,原句子中的动词要用原形。
I do miss you.
我非常想念你。
She did pass the English test.
英语考试她真的及格了。
Do see our teacher.
一定去看我们老师。
2. 常在形容词和副词的比较级前加much, still, far, a lot, by far, a little, a great deal起强调作用。
It sounds much worse. 这听起来更糟糕。
George is a great deal taller than Kim.
乔治比吉姆高得多。
He works by far harder than his brother.
他比弟弟工作认真的多。
3. 反身代词himself, themselves, yourselves, herself等用在被强调的词之后。
She herself is an English teacher.
她本人是英语老师。
You yourself did it. 这是你自己的事。
He says he’ll do it himself.
他说他将自己办好这件事。
4. ever常与疑问词which, who, when, where, how连用起加强语气的作用,有“到底;究竟”之意。
What ever are you doing?你到底在干什么?
Which ever do you want to buy?
你究竟要买哪一个?
When ever can I get my dictionary?
究竟何时才能给我的字典呢?
5. 介词短语on earth, in the world, in the heaven, under the sun, in nature, in hell放在疑问词之后可译为“到底;究竟”等之意,起强调之意。
Who on earth do you like? 你到底喜欢谁?
Where in the world did you go?
你究竟去哪儿了?
What under the sun did you do it for?
你究竟为什么做那件事呢?
6. 词组and that 可以强调句子后面的词或词组。
He can speak English and that very well.
他会讲英语而且讲得很好。
He have finished the article, and that excellent.
7. even,表示“甚至”,可以和副词、形容词、动词、名词、介词连用,通常应放在被修饰词语之前。
Even now he didn’t find out the event.
甚至到现在他还没发现真相。
He works even on the weekends.
他甚至在周末都上班。
She left him without even a word of explanation. 她甚至连一句解释的话都没有就离开了。
8. if a day (a yard, an inch, a man, etc)表示“无论怎么样……一定”,强调一个人的年龄,身高,以及路程,数量等。
She measures six feet, if an inch.
她的的确确六英尺高。
He is sixty, if a day.
无论怎样他都60岁了。
I’ve come three miles, if a yard.
我至少已走了三英里了。
9. alone表示“仅仅”,放在名词和代词之后。
He alone can do it. 只有他才做得了。
He lives by vegetables alone.
他仅靠吃蔬菜度日。
10. only“唯一的,仅仅,才”,常位于所修饰的名词、动词、形容词、副词、短语或从句前。
John is the only person who can read my mind. 约翰是惟一真正看透我心事的人。
At present we can only wait and see.
目前我们只好等一等看。
Only at home, does my uncle say I am able.
只有在家,我叔叔才说我很能干。
11. just“正好;恰好”,放在系动词和助动词之后,名词和实义动词之前。
It is his birthday; he is just ten years old.
今天是他生日, 他正好10岁。
It’s just three o’clock. 正好是三点钟。
He came just as I was leaving.
我正要离开时,他来了。
12. really“的确,真正地”,用来加强语气。
Did she really say that? 她真的那么说了?
It’s really surprising. 这确实让人惊讶。
Are you really happy, or are you smiling to be nice to me? 你真的高兴呢,还是仅仅微笑表示对我友好?
13. very表示程度的极限,用来强调所指示的东西的重要性; 相当于mere, 意为“仅仅,只要”;“真的,真正的,真实的”。
The very essence of artistic expression is invention. 艺术表现最基本的一点是创造。
Your very presence will do.
你只要出席一下就可以了。
Is she your very daughter?
她是你的亲生女儿吗?
参考文献:
1.欧阳敏“浅谈英语‘强调’的手段”,《中小学英语教学与研究》2009年第5期
2.吴桂兰“用词汇表示强调”,《大学英语》1998年第1期
3.姜晶“形容词very用法探微”,《中小学英语教学与研究》2009年第6期
1. do 作为助动词除了可以用在疑问句和否定句以外,还可以用在动词原形前起强调作用。注意:助动词的时态与形式要随句子的时态和人称的变化而变化,原句子中的动词要用原形。
I do miss you.
我非常想念你。
She did pass the English test.
英语考试她真的及格了。
Do see our teacher.
一定去看我们老师。
2. 常在形容词和副词的比较级前加much, still, far, a lot, by far, a little, a great deal起强调作用。
It sounds much worse. 这听起来更糟糕。
George is a great deal taller than Kim.
乔治比吉姆高得多。
He works by far harder than his brother.
他比弟弟工作认真的多。
3. 反身代词himself, themselves, yourselves, herself等用在被强调的词之后。
She herself is an English teacher.
她本人是英语老师。
You yourself did it. 这是你自己的事。
He says he’ll do it himself.
他说他将自己办好这件事。
4. ever常与疑问词which, who, when, where, how连用起加强语气的作用,有“到底;究竟”之意。
What ever are you doing?你到底在干什么?
Which ever do you want to buy?
你究竟要买哪一个?
When ever can I get my dictionary?
究竟何时才能给我的字典呢?
5. 介词短语on earth, in the world, in the heaven, under the sun, in nature, in hell放在疑问词之后可译为“到底;究竟”等之意,起强调之意。
Who on earth do you like? 你到底喜欢谁?
Where in the world did you go?
你究竟去哪儿了?
What under the sun did you do it for?
你究竟为什么做那件事呢?
6. 词组and that 可以强调句子后面的词或词组。
He can speak English and that very well.
他会讲英语而且讲得很好。
He have finished the article, and that excellent.
7. even,表示“甚至”,可以和副词、形容词、动词、名词、介词连用,通常应放在被修饰词语之前。
Even now he didn’t find out the event.
甚至到现在他还没发现真相。
He works even on the weekends.
他甚至在周末都上班。
She left him without even a word of explanation. 她甚至连一句解释的话都没有就离开了。
8. if a day (a yard, an inch, a man, etc)表示“无论怎么样……一定”,强调一个人的年龄,身高,以及路程,数量等。
She measures six feet, if an inch.
她的的确确六英尺高。
He is sixty, if a day.
无论怎样他都60岁了。
I’ve come three miles, if a yard.
我至少已走了三英里了。
9. alone表示“仅仅”,放在名词和代词之后。
He alone can do it. 只有他才做得了。
He lives by vegetables alone.
他仅靠吃蔬菜度日。
10. only“唯一的,仅仅,才”,常位于所修饰的名词、动词、形容词、副词、短语或从句前。
John is the only person who can read my mind. 约翰是惟一真正看透我心事的人。
At present we can only wait and see.
目前我们只好等一等看。
Only at home, does my uncle say I am able.
只有在家,我叔叔才说我很能干。
11. just“正好;恰好”,放在系动词和助动词之后,名词和实义动词之前。
It is his birthday; he is just ten years old.
今天是他生日, 他正好10岁。
It’s just three o’clock. 正好是三点钟。
He came just as I was leaving.
我正要离开时,他来了。
12. really“的确,真正地”,用来加强语气。
Did she really say that? 她真的那么说了?
It’s really surprising. 这确实让人惊讶。
Are you really happy, or are you smiling to be nice to me? 你真的高兴呢,还是仅仅微笑表示对我友好?
13. very表示程度的极限,用来强调所指示的东西的重要性; 相当于mere, 意为“仅仅,只要”;“真的,真正的,真实的”。
The very essence of artistic expression is invention. 艺术表现最基本的一点是创造。
Your very presence will do.
你只要出席一下就可以了。
Is she your very daughter?
她是你的亲生女儿吗?
参考文献:
1.欧阳敏“浅谈英语‘强调’的手段”,《中小学英语教学与研究》2009年第5期
2.吴桂兰“用词汇表示强调”,《大学英语》1998年第1期
3.姜晶“形容词very用法探微”,《中小学英语教学与研究》2009年第6期