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利用能自持进行的核裂变或核聚变反应释放的能量,产生爆炸作用并具有大规模杀伤破坏效应的武器,总称为核武器。其中,利用铀235或钚239等重原子核的裂变链式反应原理制成的武器,叫裂变武器,通常称为原子弹。利用重氢((_1~2)H,即氘)或超重氢((_1~3)H,即氚)等轻原子核的热核反应原理制成的武器,叫热核武器或聚变武器,通常称为氢弹。以高能中子辐射为主要杀伤因素的低当量小型氢弹,称为中子弹。 一、原子弹 铀235、钚239这类重原子核在中子轰击下,会分裂为两个中等质量数的核(称为裂变碎片),同时放出2—3个中子和约2.9×10~(-11)J的核能。放出的中子,有的损耗在非裂变的核反
The use of energy released by self-sustaining nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reactions, weapons that produce explosions and have the devastating effects of mass destruction, collectively known as nuclear weapons. Among them, the use of fission chain reaction principle of heavy nuclei, such as uranium 235 or plutonium 239, is called a fissile weapon, commonly called an atomic bomb. The use of thermonuclear reaction light atomic nuclei such as heavy hydrogen ((_1 ~ 2) H, or deuterium) or overweight hydrogen ((_1 ~ 3) H, ie tritium) is called a thermonuclear or fusion weapon, hydrogen bomb. Low-energy small hydrogen bombs, which are the main killer elements of high-energy neutron radiation, are called neutron bombs. First, atomic bomb uranium 235, plutonium 239 heavy nuclei such as neutron bombardment, will split into two medium-mass nuclei (known as fission fragments), while emitting 2-3 neutrons and about 2.9 × 10 ~ (- 11) J’s nuclear energy. Neutrons released, and some loss in the non-fission nuclear anti