人们通常认为,毛泽东由于强调了思想的优先地位,而远离了马克思主义的唯物主义前提和基础,偏离了正统的马克思主义。毛泽东在早期不但强调了意识独立于物质,而且认定意识确能创造一个特殊的物质环境。就这一点而言,毛被人们攻击为“唯心主义”和“唯意志论”等。但是,我们从《辩证法唯物论讲授提纲》(以下简称《提纲》)和“两论”中明确表述的观点中却可以作出同上述观点完全相反的解释。从本体论层面看,《提纲》和“两论”属于唯物主义。毛泽东一开始就反对二元论倾向即心灵和物质分属于两个不同的本体。他在抛弃这种二元论时, It is generally believed that Mao Zedong shifted away from the materialist premise and foundation of Marxism and deviated from orthodox Marxism by emphasizing the priority of thought. In the early days, Mao Zedong not only emphasized the independence of consciousness from matter, but also affirmed consciousness to create a special physical environment. In this regard, Mao was attacked by people as “idealism ” and “voluntarism ” and so on. However, we can make an entirely opposite explanation from the above-mentioned views from the perspectives explicitly stated in the “Outline of the Teaching of Dialectical Materialism” (hereinafter referred to as the “Outline”) and “The Two Treatises.” From the perspective of ontology, “outline” and “two theories” belong to materialism. Mao Zedong initially opposed the dualistic tendency that the mind and matter belong to two different ontologies. When he abandoned this dualism,