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一、辛亥革命后形成“南北对峙”局面辛亥武昌起义后,革命的狂飚席卷中华大地,腐朽的清朝统治政权迅速土崩瓦解。武昌起义仅一月余,全国大半行省和第一大都会上海纷纷宣布脱离清王朝而“独立”。此时的清廷仅控制着北方的部分地区,且依赖心怀异志的袁世凯的北洋军队支撑着残局。袁世凯乘清室之危,攫取了清朝的军政大权。他受命去“剿灭”革命党,不过事实上,连清朝皇室和袁世凯本人都十分明白,这是根本不可能实现的梦想。当时对清统治者来说,最现实的选择是保住半壁河山,苟延残喘。辛亥革命尽管酝酿多时,是历史发展的必然,但武昌起义却带有偶然性的色彩。各地的相继响应,情况也颇为复杂,“光复”省份的领导权并非都由革命党人执掌,有的地方大员拥兵自重,“只
I. The Situation of “North-South Confrontation” After the Revolution of 1911 After the Wuchang uprising in 1911, the revolutionary bourgeoisie swept through the vast land of China and the decadent regime of the Qing dynasty rapidly collapsed. Wuchang uprising in more than a month, most of the provinces and the first metropolis in Shanghai have announced that they leave the Qing Dynasty and “independence.” The Qing court at this time controlled only parts of the north, and the Northern Army, relying on the ill-fated Yuan Shikai, supported the mess. Yuan Shikai took the danger of clearing the chamber and grabbed the military and government power in the Qing Dynasty. He was ordered to “destroy” the revolutionary party, but in fact, even the Qing imperial court and Yuan Shikai himself understood that this was a dream that was impossible at all. At that time, for the rulers of Qing Dynasty, the most realistic choice was to save half of the country and linger. Although brewing for a long time, the Revolution of 1911 is an inevitable historical development. However, the Uprising of Wuchang is incidentally colored. The response from all parts of the world is rather complicated. The leaders of the “Recovery” provinces are not all run by the revolutionaries, and some local officers and men are overwhelming themselves with "only